International Journal of Sub-Saharan African Research (IJSSAR)

Background: Post-harvest spoilage of tomatoes due to fungal contamination is a significant issue in Nigeria, causing economic losses and health risks from mycotoxins. Possible postharvest losses can be facilitated by early identification of products that are susceptible. Despite the extensive research on tomatoes contaminated by fungal pathogens, at the time of this study, there is a conspicuous lack of research highlighting the fungal pathogens infecting tomatoes sold in Katsina metropolis, bridging the possible means of appropriately tackling this challenge.
Objective: This study aimed to identified and characterised fungi associated with tomato spoilage in three markets (Gwari, Central, and Kofar Marusa) in Katsina metropolis. Methods: Tomato samples (n=135) from Beefsteak, Roma, and UTC varieties were collected weekly over three weeks. Fungal loads were quantified using serial dilution and pour plate methods, with isolates identified morphologically and microscopically. Results: Mean fungal loads ranged from 204.7 to 370 cfu/g, with the Central market showing the highest contamination (370 cfu/g for UTC). Nine fungal species were identified: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria spp, Fusarium spp, Basidiobolus, Cladosporium spp, and Aspergillus glaucus. Aspergillus species were predominant. One-way ANOVA showed no significant differences in fungal loads across markets (F=2.50, p>0.05) or varieties (F=0.80, p>0.05). Pearson correlations indicated a moderate positive association with markets (r=0.568) and a negative association with varieties (r=-0.452).
Conclusion: These findings highlight Aspergillus dominance in tomato spoilage and underscore the need for improved post-harvest practices and market hygienic operation to reduce economic losses and mycotoxins risks. Unique contribution: This study highlights public health threats from spoiled tomatoes in Katsina metropolis where the consumption of contaminated produce is common (eg aflatoxin from Aspergillus) and also highlights the economic losses from spoilage, recommending interventions like improved storage, training and awareness campaign.
Key Recommendation: Promote processing and improved storage techniques to extend shelf life and reduce economic losses for farmers by introducing training programs to educate farmers and vendors on proper handling, transportation, and storage techniques to reduce fungal contamination and local health authorities should initiate awareness campaigns targeting vendors and consumers about the dangers of consuming spoiled tomatoes and the importance of proper storage.